Abstract
Background
The predictors of preoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with hip fractures
remain unclear. Therefore, this study describes the results of a systematic review
and meta-analysis of relevant peer-reviewed literature on this topic.
Methods
We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and MEDLINE
for articles published in English on the predictors of preoperative DVT in hip fractures.
We calculated pooled odds ratios (OR) or mean differences (MD) for the DVT groups
as compared with the non-DVT groups for each variable, including gender, age, body
mass index, injury side, current smoking status, time from injury to admission, time
from injury to surgery, fracture type, hypertension, arrhythmia, coronary artery disease,
diabetes, stroke, kidney disease, liver disease, lung disease, malignancy, rheumatoid
arthritis, D-dimer, fibrinogen, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin
time, thrombin time, hemoglobin, albumin, total cholesterol, and triglycerides.
Results
We included 9 studies involving 3,123 Asian patients with hip fractures (DVT, n = 570; non-DVT, n = 2,553). Being female (OR = 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.56; p = 0.02), being of advanced age (MD = 1.63; 95% CI 0.80–2.47; p = 0.0001), having a longer time from injury to admission (MD = 0.80; 95% CI 0.48–1.12;
p < 0.00001), having a longer time from injury to surgery (MD = 2.20; 95% CI 1.53–2.88;
p < 0.00001), and the presence of kidney disease (OR = 1.76; 95% CI 1.04–2.96; p = 0.03) were correlated with a high risk of DVT. However, we found no significant
differences between the two groups in the other predictors.
Conclusions
Evidence indicates that being female, being of advanced age, having a longer time
from injury to admission, having a longer time from injury to surgery, and having
kidney disease are significantly correlated with a high risk of preoperative DVT in
Asian patients with hip fracture. Further investigations with patients of other ethnicities
are required.
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: September 27, 2021
Accepted:
August 27,
2021
Received in revised form:
August 25,
2021
Received:
July 27,
2021
Identification
Copyright
© 2021 The Japanese Orthopaedic Association. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
