Abstract
Background
It has been difficult to study the effects of arch support on multiple joints simultaneously.
Herein, we evaluated foot and ankle kinematics using a fully automated analysis system,
“4D-Foot,” consisting of a biplane X-ray imager and two-dimensional‒three-dimensional
registration, with automated image segmentation and landmark detection tools.
Methods
We evaluated the effect of arch support on ankle, subtalar, and talonavicular joint
kinematics in five healthy female volunteers without a clinical history of foot and
ankle disorders. Computed tomography images of the foot and ankle and X-ray videos
of walking barefoot and with arch support were acquired. A kinematic analysis using
the “4D-Foot” system was performed. The ankle, subtalar, and talonavicular joint kinematics
were quantified from heel-strike to foot-off, with and without arch support.
Results
For the ankle joint, significant differences were observed in dorsi/plantarflexion,
inversion/eversion, and internal/external rotation in the late midstance phase. The
dorsi/plantarflexion and inversion/eversion motions were smaller with arch support.
For the subtalar joint, a significant difference was observed in all the dynamic motions
in the heel-strike and late midstance phases. For the talonavicular joint, significant
differences were observed in inversion/eversion and internal/external rotation in
heel-strike and the late midstance phases. For the subtalar and talonavicular joints,
the motion was larger with arch support. An extremely strong correlation was observed
when the motion of the subtalar and talonavicular joints was compared for each condition
and motion.
Conclusions
The results indicated that the arch support decreased the ankle motion and increased
the subtalar and talonavicular joint motions. Additionally, our study demonstrated
that the in vivo subtalar and talonavicular joints revealed a strong correlation, suggesting that
the navicular and calcaneal bones were moving similarly to the talus and that the
arch support stabilizes the ankle joint and compensatively increases the subtalar
and talonavicular joint motions.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: January 27, 2023
Accepted:
October 19,
2022
Received in revised form:
September 1,
2022
Received:
March 23,
2022
Publication stage
In Press Corrected ProofFootnotes
☆Blinded Information: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Nara Medical University (Approval number: 2647).
Identification
Copyright
© 2023 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Japanese Orthopaedic Association.
