Abstract
Background
Biofilm-related infections are serious problems in the Orthopedics field, and Staphylococcus aureus are the most popular causative agents of bacterial infections associated with arthroplasty.
Several studies demonstrated a synergistic effect of the electric intervention (EI)
and the antibiotic administration in killing bacteria in biofilm; however, a constant,
long-time EI was needed. In the present study, the effective removal of biofilm formed
with S. aureus on a titanium ring by multiple times of one minute-EI was observed and described.
Methods
A methicillin-sensitive S. aureus clinical isolate was used to form biofilm on a titanium ring. After applying a series
of EI with various combinations of the frequencies and timings, the amount and principal
components of biofilms were assessed with crystal violet staining, live bacterial
cell count, and fluorescence staining with confocal laser scanning microscopy.
Results
More than 60% biofilm removal was observed in the 2-time EI applied at 24 (1) and
72 (3) h (days) post bacterial exposure (PBE) and in the 3-time EI at 0 (0), 24 (1),
and 72 (3) h (days) PBE, or at 24 (1), 48 (2), and 72 (3) h (days) PBE. The live bacterial
cell numbers, the proportion of live and dead cells, and the amount of extracellular
polysaccharide substances (EPS) of biofilm were similar with or without EI. It was
assumed that an excess amount of the biofilm removal shown in the several EI was not
attributed to the effect of the electrolysis.
Conclusions
The effective removal of biofilm was observed when multiple times 1 min EI was applied
without any changes in the proportion of live and dead bacteria or the amount of EPS.
The mechanisms to explain extra biofilm removal remain to be elucidated.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: February 02, 2023
Accepted:
December 27,
2022
Received in revised form:
November 25,
2022
Received:
July 26,
2022
Publication stage
In Press Corrected ProofFootnotes
☆The place where the work was done: Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.
Identification
Copyright
© 2023 The Japanese Orthopaedic Association. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
